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There are a couple of very small scratches on the top of the metal case in overall condition is fantastic! Fully tested recently serviced works and sounds amazing!The Harman Kardon Citation Twelve is a classic stereophonic solid-state power amplifier introduced in the early 1970s. Renowned for its dual-mono engineering and exceptional stability, it was based on foundational circuit concepts published in the RCA Solid State Handbook. YouTube·killer times +3📋 Technical SpecificationsThe official performance metrics from the Harman Kardon Citation Twelve Manual include:Power Output: 60 watts RMS per channel into 8 ohms, with both channels driven simultaneously from 20 Hz to 20 kHz.Total Harmonic Distortion (THD): Less than 0.2% from 250 milliwatts to 45 watts RMS.Intermodulation Distortion (IMD): Less than 0.15% at rated power output.Frequency Response: 1 Hz to 100,000 Hz at normal listening levels.Power Bandwidth: 5 Hz to 35,000 Hz at less than 0.2% THD into 8 ohms.Hum and Noise: Better than 100 dB below the 60-watt rated output.Damping Factor: 40:1.Input Sensitivity: 1.5 volts required for full 60-watt output.Input Impedance: 30k ohms.Phase Shift: Less than 5 degrees at 20 Hz.Dimensions: 5" H x 12.25" W x 12.6" D (with metal enclosure cage).Weight: 30 pounds (13.6 kg). Harman Kardon +3⚙️ Design & Circuitry FeaturesTrue Dual-Mono Topology: Built with separate power transformers, bridge rectifiers, and filter capacitors for the left and right channels to eliminate crosstalk and maintain rock-solid power regulation. Update My DynacoQuasi-Complementary Output Stage: Utilizes two NPN transistors per channel. The original factory rail voltage supplies approximately ±41.5 volts to the circuits. YouTube·Trevor's Bench +1No Active Current Limiting: Nelson Pass noted in historical retrospectives on First Watt that avoiding aggressive current limiting allowed the Citation 12 to sonically outperform contemporaries like the Dynaco 120 and safely drive complex loads, including electrostatic speakers. Harman Kardon +1Protection Mechanisms: Includes thermal cut-outs on the heavy aluminum heatsinks and standard line fuses for each individual power supply. It lacks native direct-current (DC) speaker protection relays, meaning external inline speaker fuses are strongly recommended to protect connected loudspeakers from component failures.
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Dual emerged from the Black Forest region of Germany in 1907, when brothers Christian and Joseph Steidinger began manufacturing clockwork and gramophone components in St. Georgen. The company adopted its now-iconic name in 1927 after pioneering dual-mode power supplies that allowed gramophones to operate from either mains electricity or mechanical wind-up mechanisms. This innovation marked the beginning of Dual's transition from component supplier to full-fledged audio manufacturer, establishing a foundation of engineering precision that would define the brand for decades.
Dual built its reputation primarily as a turntable specialist, becoming Europe's largest turntable manufacturer by the post-war era with over 3,000 employees across multiple factories. Beyond vinyl playback, the company expanded into cassette players, CD players, and broader consumer electronics throughout the 1970s and 1980s, demonstrating versatility across analog and digital formats. The company's focus on mechanical excellence and stable drive systems earned it recognition as a dependable, quality-focused manufacturer throughout its European heyday.
Today, Dual occupies a fragmented market position following corporate restructuring in the 1990s and subsequent ownership changes. The original German turntable line continues production in St. Georgen under Alfred Fehrenbacher GmbH, maintaining traditional manufacturing standards and appealing to vintage enthusiasts and collectors. Separately, Namsung Electronics markets Dual-branded consumer electronics in the Americas at accessible price points. The brand's legacy rests primarily on its classic turntables, which remain highly sought after by collectors and audiophiles valuing precision engineering and heritage craftsmanship.
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